Feed-forward modelling and fuzzy logic based control strategy for powertrain efficiency improvement in a parallel hybrid electric vehicle

With the stricter limitations on both fuel consumption and air pollution, the advantages of a hybrid electric vehicle are becoming more evident than ever. In the present study, an energy management system for a hybrid electric vehicle is developed. Because the plant under consideration is nonlinear, multi-domain, time-varying, has multiple uncertainties and, in addition, the designed control strategy must be able to obey the driver's commands and achieve the par-internship for a new generation of vehicle regulations, the fuzzy logic approach is chosen. A feed-forward hybrid vehicle simulation model is used to demonstrate the validity and the convenience of the current approach and its results have been compared with the other parallel hybrid electric vehicle control strategies. Simulation results show considerable improvement in the efficiency of the internal combustion engine and, consequently, fuel consumption and acceleration performances.     

Transport equation on semidiscrete domains and Poisson–Bernoulli processes

In this paper, we consider a scalar transport equation with constant coefficients on domains with discrete space and continuous, discrete or general time. We show that on all these underlying domains, solutions of the transport equation can conserve sign and integrals both in time and space. Detailed analysis reveals that, under some initial conditions, the solutions correspond to counting stochastic processes and related probability distributions. Consequently, the transport equation could generate various modifications of these processes and distributions and provide some insights into corresponding convergence questions. Possible applications are suggested and discussed.     

城市地铁专用车厢模型建立及拥挤敏感性分析

处于城市化进程中的我国城市,交通拥堵问题日益严重.作为社会弱势群体的老幼孕人群,对公共交通的安全性与舒适性要求相对更高,但是这类人群中相当一部分需要在上下班高峰期与通勤人群一起出行.如果能够依据城市的具体情况设立专用车厢,把这一部分出行者引导到公共交通中,可以减少部分交通流,缓解交通拥堵.对建立专用车厢的可行性进行了分析,并建立了数学模型.     

New Composite Sorbent for Removal of Sulfate Ions from Simulated and Real Groundwater in the Batch and Continuous Tests

The evaluation of groundwater quality in the Dammam formation, Faddak farm, Karbala Governorate, Iraq proved that the sulfate (SO₄²⁻) concentrations have high values; so, this water is not suitable for livestock, poultry and irrigation purposes. For reclamation of this water, manufacturing of new sorbent for permeable reactive barrier was required through precipitation of Mg and Fe hydroxides nanoparticles on the activated carbon (AC) surface with best Mg/Fe molar ratio of 7.5/2.5. Mixture of 50% coated AC and 50% scrap iron was applied to eliminate SO₄²⁻ from contaminated water with efficiency of 59% and maximum capacity of adsorption equals to 9.5 mg/g for a time period of 1 h, sorbent dosage 40 g/L, and initial pH = 5 at 50 mg/L initial SO₄²⁻ concentration and 200 rpm shaking speed. Characterization analyses certified that the plantation of Mg and Fe nanoparticles onto AC was achieved. Continuous tests showed that the longevity of composite sorbent is increased with thicker bed and lower influent concentration and flow rate. Computer solution (COMSOL) software was well simulated for continuous measurements. The reclamation of real contaminated groundwater was achieved in column set-up with efficiency of 70% when flow rate was 5 mL/min, bed depth was 50 cm and inlet SO₄²⁻ concentration was 2301 mg/L.     

Negative differential conductance in nano-scale normal metal/superconductor/normal metal junctions featuring Fe1 + y Te1 − x Se x

Iron-based superconductors have been the subject of intensive study due to their high transition temperature and intriguing physical mechanisms. We describe a unique experimental approach to fabricate nano-scale normal metal/superconductor/normal metal junctions involving microcrystals of Fe₁ ?₊?_y Te₁ ?_??_x Se _x , for which we have observed a distinct phenomenon of negative differential conductance (NDC) dips along with multiple plateau features in differential conductance spectra. The evolution of the NDC dips and the plateau features is further explored as a function of both temperature and magnetic field, and their physical origin is discussed.     

Decomposition model for phonon thermal conductivity of a monatomic lattice

An analytical treatment of decomposition of the phonon thermal conductivity of a crystal with a monatomic unit cell is developed on the basis of a two-stage decay of the heat current autocorrelation function observed in molecular dynamics simulations. It is demonstrated that the contributions from the acoustic short- and long-range phonon modes to the total phonon thermal conductivity can be presented in the form of simple kinetic formulas, consisting of products of the heat capacity and the average relaxation time of the considered phonon modes as well as the square of the average phonon velocity. On the basis of molecular dynamics calculations of the heat current autocorrelation function, this treatment allows for a self-consistent numerical evaluation of the aforementioned variables. In addition, the presented analysis allows, within the Debye approximation, for the identification of the temperature range where classical molecular dynamics simulations can be employed for the prediction of phonon thermal transport properties. As a case example, Cu is considered.     

A nonlinear macroscopic multi-phasic model for describing interactions between solid,fluid and ionic species in biological tissue materials

A nonlinear, macroscopic multi-phasic model for describing the interactions between solid, fluid, and ionic species in porous materials is presented. Governing equations are derived based on the nonlinear theories of solid mechanics, linear flow theory of Newtonian fluids, and theory of irreversible thermodynamics for the transport of ions and ionic solutions. The model shows that the transport coupling between ions and ionic solution exists only when the porous material has a membrane-like feature, which could be inside the material or on the material boundaries. Otherwise, the coupling occurs only between the solid and fluid phases and the transport of ionic species will have no effect on the macroscopic stresses, strains and displacements of the porous material. As an application of the present multi-phasic model, a numerical example of the human cornea under the shock of NaCl hypertonic solution applied to its endothelial surface is presented. This is a typical example of how ionic transport induces swelling in biological tissues. The results obtained from the present multi-phasic model demonstrate that the mechanical properties of the tissue have an important influence on the swelling of the cornea. Without taking into account this influence, the predicted swelling may be exaggerated.     

Bulk properties of the UCoGe Kondo-like system

We report on extensive experimental investigations of a single crystal of the orthorhombic uranium compound UCoGe. Bulk measurements on as-grown and annealed single crystals, recording magnetization, magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity, magnetoresistivity, thermopower, thermal conductivity and heat capacity data do not reproduce the previously reported coexistence of ferromagnetism with superconductivity. The latter phenomenon was only observed for the annealed sample at T _SC = 0.65 K. New observations show a crossover at around 13 K, visible in thermal and transport measurements as well as the coherent state around 50 K, signaled by a wide knee in ρ(T). Above this temperature, UCoGe exhibits a single-ion Kondo-like effect. The magnetoresistivity of the annealed single crystal increases negatively down to 4.2 K, reaching as a large value about ?27% at a field of 8 T. The latter may be interpreted in terms of fairly strong magnetic fluctuations existing in UCoGe at low temperatures.     

Comment on “Role of the velocity frame of reference in thermodiffusion in liquid mixtures” by M. Eslamian,C.G. Jiang and M.Z. Saghir

We analyze the material transport equations (MTE) derived by Eslamian and co-authors and address the criticism expressed regarding the approach formulated in our previous work. In doing so, we show that the MTE formulated by Eslamian and co-authors are valid only in closed stationary non-isothermal systems in combination with the restrictions on the Onsager coefficients formulated in our work which is criticized, and that for non-stationary systems the approach we took can be used.